Innovatsion texnologiyalar jurnali O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy attestatsiya komissiyasi Rayosati qarori bilan quyidagi fanlar bo‘yicha doktorlik dissertatsiyalari asosiy ilmiy natijalarini chop etish tavsiya etilgan ilmiy nashrlar ro‘yxatiga kiritilgan.
COMPARISON OF NEW GENERATION PHOTOTHERMAL BATTERIES, EFFECTIVELY OPERATING IN DRY CLIMATES IN SPRING AND SUMMER SEASONS
This article compares the parameters obtained in spring and summer seasons of photothermal battery (PV) and photoelectric battery (PVT) with a new type of cooling system. Solar radiation on the surface of the PVT increased the current density with the help of reflectors and the short-circuit current values increased dramatically. By cooling the PVT with a new type of cooling system, its operating voltage values have been dramatically increased. The new type of cooling system of the photothermal device (PTD) consists of a radiator, water pump, fan, and water tank. This method of cooling PVT is significant because it has no analogues in the world. It was possible to obtain hot water with a temperature of 35 oC in the spring season and 48 oC in the summer season in a new type of photothermal device (PTD). An experimental and laboratory copy of PTDs with such a new type of cooling system was developed at the Institute of Physics and Technology. The next goal is to develop commercial copies of the PTD with a new type of cooling system.
Copyright (c) 2024 Innovatsion texnologiyalar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
DIGITAL INNOVATIONS: MODERN ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
The article actualizes the economic meaning of digital innovations, which are the main element of the modern market economy. It is shown that the innovative content of digital technologies is the main paradigm of economic development and an important condition for creating an innovative climate, the forerunner of a new contour of economic development, which is a distinctive feature of the present and future economy. Progress in the field of various information technologies can be traced in the modernization of business processes, the development of cybersecurity elements, the use of digital technologies in management, the development of staff skills, increasing capital investments in the field of information and communication technologies, telecommunications, transforms daily human life, which makes this topic relevant. The assessment of the degree of prevalence of digital technologies in key sectors of the economy, their impact on the transformation of business processes and the modification of direct labor is given. The understanding is demonstrated that digital innovations are a systematic revision of the principles of functioning of the economic system as a whole, in some cases, destroying itstraditional forms. An idea of the priority directions for the development of digital innovations is formulated.
INFLUENCE OF REPEATED CULTURE TYPES ON THE YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT
This article aims to provide recommendations for the selection and production of optimal repeat predecessor crops that ensure high-quality winter wheat harvest by preserving and increasing the productivity of saline meadow-alluvial soils of the Bukhara region. Research and phenological observations were carried out on the basis of generally accepted methods. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the following: for the first time, in the conditions of slightly saline meadow-alluvial soils of the Bukhara region, repeated crops of millet, corn (for silage), beans, phaseolus aureus piper, sorghum (for silage), taken and adopted as a predecessor for winter wheat, were selected; Under the conditions of the Bukhara region, beans and phaseolus aureus piper were compared with different predecessors and a positive effect was determined; The results of the experiments are analyzed and conclusions are given at the end.
CALCULATION OF A WATER HAMMER ABSORBER WITH PRESSURE INCREASE
The аrticle is devoted to the cаlculаtion of a hydrаulic shock аbsorber with а diаphrаgm installed at the end of а pressure pipeline. Theoreticаl solutions of hyperbolic type wave equations for а polytropic process (n = 1.20) аre proposed. To dаmpen the intensity of hydrаulic shock from increаsing pressure in pressure-hydrаulic systems, an effective design of а hydraulic shock аbsorber with a diаphragm is proposed. The аrticle presents the results of аnаlytical аnd experimental studies of wаter hаmmer in the presence of a dаmper. The results of the proposed method for cаlculating the water hаmmer аre in good аgreement with the experimentаl dаtа. This confirms the reliability of the proposed аnаlytical method for cаlculаting the water hаmmer.
ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY INDICATORS OF THE 70 kW PHOTOELECTRIC STATION CONNECTED TO THE ELECTRIC NETWORK
In the article, the one-year monitoring results of the 70kW on-grid solar station (SS) in the city of Termez, located in the southernmost part of Uzbekistan, are presented. Annual, monthly and daily energy production graphs were analyzed and it was determined that the annual energy production amount is 62.77MWh. Through calculations, the values of the installed coefficient utilization factor (ICUF) were calculated for the solar station and its annual and monthly average values were found. Even though the average ICUF is 10.32%, the on-grid solar station can be considered a promising project. The biggest factor causing system energy losses is pollution, which is related to the climate of the region. The main factor in the sharp difference in the results is the stationarity of our station and the fact that the technique of cleaning the panel's surface from pollination was not used. However, the payback period of such a station by calculation included 7.5 years if inflation is not taken into account.
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT OPERATING MODES AND PARAMETERS OF CASCADE PUMPING STATIONS
The article provides an analysis of energy-efficient operating modes and parameters of cascade pumping stations. The operating mode of pump stations in irrigation systems is determined by a number of parameters, including structural design, technological, and electrical characteristics. In sugaring systems, it is believed that the operating order of existing pumping stations is determined by the parameters of one cathode. Including a structural device, technological and implemented in the form of electricity. For the “pump-motor-pressure pipe” system, the division of pumping units into pumps of different types is analyzed, taking into account the options for connecting pressure pipes, depending on the voltage value for the parameters of frequency converters, depending on the type of electric motors.
DETERMINING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC PUMPING UNIT
The article discusses the issues of the efficiency of solar energy supply to electric motors of pumping units used in irrigation systems in different countries of the world. A methodology for calculating modern indicators of the economic efficiency of photovoltaic pumping units is given, such as the cost of the unit during its service life, net current (present) income, normalized (present) cost of generated energy and the payback period of capital expenditures. The results of calculations of a photovoltaic pumping unit with a capacity of 100 kW, performed according to the proposed methodology, are presented.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR SELECTING THE OPTIMAL COMPOSITION OF EQUIPMENT IN POWER PLANTS OPERATING WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
In modern conditions of intensive increasing the electricity consumption in all spheres of human activity, limited hydrocarbon fuel reserves, as well as the severity of environmental problems in the energy sector require the development and implementation of more effective methods for the construction and operation of power plants in basis of renewable energy resources, primarily solar and wind energy. The design of autonomous hybrid systems with stations using such energy resources involves, in particular, the selection of the optimal composition of the main equipment. Despite the current existence of a number of developments to solve this problem, the issues of improving them by taking into account all limiting and influencing factors, increasing the accuracy of optimization, remains an urgent task. This paper proposes an effective mathematical model and algorithm for selecting the optimal composition of units in autonomous hybrid systems containing solar and wind stations, as well as batteries, taking into account all factors. The proposed algorithm involves solving the problem by reducing it to a linear programming problem and using the simplex method. The results of a study of the effectiveness of the proposed model and optimization algorithm are presented. Based on the results of the calculation experiments performed, it was revealed that the proposed model and algorithm for optimizing the composition of equipment in an autonomous hybrid system has good computational quality and high calculation accuracy.
TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME OF PYROLYSIS DEVICE WITH SOLAR COLLECTOR
In traditional small-capacity pyrolysis devices, direct burning of bio- mass, electric heating or burning of alternative fuels are used to dry raw materials (biomass) loaded into the reactor, and heat is used for private needs. Therefore, saving fuel and energy resources during drying of biomass for pyrolysis is considered an urgent scientific and technical issue. It was proposed to use a flat solar air collector to cover the heat load necessary for drying biomass selected for pyrolysis technology. The necessary quality parameters of the drying chamber, flat solar air collector and bioreactor, as well as their geometric dimensions, necessary for the process were selected. Based on the analysis, a technological scheme of a small pyrolysis device was developed. Direct placement of biomass in the bioreactor during the pyrolysis process leads to an increase in its quality indicators and the heat load applied to the biomass. As a solution to this problem, it was proposed to dry the product using a flat solar air collector before placing it in the bioreactor. Based on the analysis of scientific and technical materials and scientific developments, the technological scheme and operating principle of the pyrolysis plant with a solar air collector are substantiated. As a result of the practical application of the pyrolysis unit with a solar air collector, savings in thermal energy used for drying raw materials (biomass) are achieved. As a result, the energy efficiency of the pyrolysis unit with a solar air collector increases by 15÷20%.
SELECTING LIFT COLUMN DROP DEPTH AND DIAMETER TO PROVIDE LIQUID EXTRACTION CONDITIONS
Today, due to the increase of hard-to-extract natural gas reserves in the world, as a result of the liquefaction of productive layers, the cases of the decrease in the flow rate of wells are increasing year by year. When using gas and gas condensate wells, liquid accumulation occurs at the bottom of the well. The cause of fluid accumulation in the bottom of the well is that the gas flow is not sufficient for complete removal. In this article, the main problem of using gas and gas condensate deposits using the PIPESIM software package of the Schlumberger company, the solution to determine the technological mode of operation of the well, which ensures stable operation without accumulation of formation and condensate liquid at the bottom of the well, was considered. A model of vertical gas well pipes of different diameters was built to determine the gas composition in well No. 118 in the Alan field and to calculate the operating modes of the well based on the results of gas-hydrodynamic research on steady-state flow regimes. To ensure the conditions of liquid removal, recommendations were made on the selection of the depth of the lift column and the diameter of the lift column. Based on the PIPESIM software, it has been scientifically proven that the lift column diameter is 60 mm or less.
UPGRADE OF SOLAR INDIRECT DRYING PLANT WITH NATURAL VENTILATION
This article presents the results of research work on a modernized solar drying plant with indirect heat pipes and natural air ventilation. The dependences of temperatures, moisture content of the steam-air mixture and on the surface of the dried grapes, the drying speed on the time of the drying process were established, and were also compared with the results of the kinetics of the grape drying process, obtained in a direct-acting solar drying installation. The complete physical characterization of the structural model and its elements is established by semi-empirical calculation methods and calculated on the basis of relevant concepts and experimental results. The high drying temperature of the hard layer (crust formation) that forms on the surface makes it difficult for liquid that has not yet been removed from the inside to escape and prevents drying. This problem was solved by changing the drying conditions and were implemented through a solar drying installation with a heat pipe and natural air convection in the solar collector, with the following efficiency factors: heat pipes 34%, heat exchangers 25% and drying cabinet 11%. Based on a comparative analysis of the results of experimental studies, it was found that the size of the dried grapes (capillaries) does not matter at the initial stage of drying, while at later stages it affects the drying rate. Also, due to the high drying temperature, the hard layer (crust formation) that forms on the surface makes it difficult for the liquid that has not yet been removed from the inside to escape and prevents drying. The formation of a crust should be avoided as this affects the drying speed and quality of the product to be dried. This problem can be solved by monitoring or changing the drying conditions. Such a problem can be solved by monitoring or changing the drying conditions. In this scientific work, the drying conditions were undoubtedly realized by installing a heat pipe in the solar collector.
CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH CHAMBER WALLS OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL HELIOTECHNICAL DEVICE
Maqolada quyosh energiyasi bilan ishlaydigan tuxum inkubatorining issiqlik talabi oʻrganib chiqilgan. Bunda quyidagilar amalga oshirildi: barqaror namlik va harorat holati, inkubator materiallari doimiy issiqlik oʻtkazuvchanligiga ega ekanligi aniqlandi. Qurilma quyosh paneli va kollektori bilan jihozlangan boʻlib, yilning istalgan davrida, ayniqsa markazlashgan energiya taʼminotidan uzoqda joylashgan qishloq hududlarida keng foydalanish mumkinligi tajribalar davomida isbotlandi. Inkubatorning dizayni haqida gap ketganda, talab qilinadigan va uzatiladigan issiqlik muhim ahamiyatga ega. Inkubatordagi harorat va nisbiy namlik yetkazib beriladigan issiqlik va shamollatish darajasiga bogʻliq. Yetarli issiqlik taʼminoti va shamollatish havo aylanishini va issiqlik oʻtkazuvchanligini oshiradi. Tizimda uzluksiz issiqlik va elektr energiyasi bilan ta’minlanadi, qurilmaning inkubatsiya sifatida isitish, ventilyatsiya va sovutish tizimida anʼanaviy to‘liq elektr energiyada ishlaydigan lampali yoki elektr isitgichli inkubatorlarga nisbatan 1,5-2,0 martagacha elektr energiyani tejashi, foydali ish koeffitsiyenti 95% ekanligi aniqlandi. Qurilmani joriy etish natijasida mahsulot tannarxi muqobil energiya manbalari hisobiga 30-40%ga kamaytirildi. Qo‘shimcha ravishda dorivor o‘simliklarni quritish, sifati tez buziladigan qishloq xo‘jaligi mahsulotlarini vaqtinchalik saqlash imkonini beradi. Ilmiy-texnik materiallar va ilmiy tadqiqotlarni tahlil qilish asosida ko‘p funksiyali geliotexnik qurilmasining sxemasi va devorlari orqali issiqlik yo‘qotilishlari asoslandi. Taklif etilayotgan quyosh energiyasi bilan ishlaydigan ko‘p funksiyali geliotexnik qurilmaning inkubatsiya rejimida samarali inkubatsiya qilish imkoniyatiga ega ekanligi aniqlandi. O‘rnatilgan inkubatorning ichki muhiti natijalari tabiiy tuxum inkubatsiyasi talab qiladigan natijalarga yaqin ekanligi aniqlandi. Parrandachilik sanoatida tizimdan foydalanish elektr energiyasi bilan ta’minlash muammosini bartaraf etadi.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE THERMAL REGIME OF A TYPICAL RURAL HOUSE
Heating systems of residential buildings, including typical rural houses, are energyintensive consumers of thermal and electrical energy. Research shows that the energy consumption for heating 1.0 m² of living space in a typical rural house during the heating season amounts to 12÷18 m 3 of natural gas and 300÷380 kWh of electricity. Therefore, ensuring an optimal microclimate in residential buildings, considering the variability of local meteorological parameters and the rational use of renewable energy resources, is a relevant issue. The study employed mathematical modeling methods, theoretical fundamentals of heat engineering, similarity theory, experimental investigation of heat exchange processes, and generalization of experimental results. Mathematical models were developed based on heat balance equations and thermal calculation schemes for a typical rural house. These models allow for the calculation of the temperature regime of typical rural houses with hybrid heating systems, considering local meteorological characteristics, indoor air temperature, and changes in the thermal properties of the building‘s wall structures. The results of modeling the temperature regime of a typical rural house show that during the winter period (in the conditions of the Karshi district) with an outside air temperature of -3 °C, solar radiation within the range of 500÷600 W/m² is necessary to ensure the required temperature regime (+20 ÷ +22 °C). At external air temperatures of -10 °C, -13 °C, and -26 °C, additional heat sources are required.
ANALYSIS OF ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THE SCOPUS DATABASE ON THE STUDY OF INCREASING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF FLAT-PLATE SOLAR WATER HEATING COLLECTOR
The global transition to renewable energy sources has led to a dramatic increase in research and development in solar energy technologies. Among them, flat solar water heating collectors are attracting a lot of attention due to their potential to improve energy efficiency in the domestic and industrial sectors. This review aims to summarize the current state of research, identify key themes and trends, and provide insight into future research directions. In this study, articles were collected from the Scopus database that used phrases such as flat solar collectors, energy efficiency, water heating. Basic information was extracted from each selected article, including: authors and year of publication, journal title, abstract and keywords, methodology, main findings and conclusions, energy efficiency improvement indicators, references to related works, etc. In these articles, using the cosine similarity matrix method, based on the keywords of the scientific work related to solar collectors, the less researched parts in the field were highlighted. Search results 1449 scientific articles, 507 small articles (theses) and 93 analytical articles were published on SCOPUS to research solar water heaters from 2000 to 2024. this research is aimed at solving a certain problem. the solutions focused in the articles were determined by the method of cosine similarity based on keywords based on the abstract and conclusion parts of the article. according to it, articles focused on geometric optimization, phase change materials (PCM), and computer simulation make up a relatively small percentage.
DETERMINATION OF HEAT CAPACITY AND HEAT CONDUCTIVITY COEFFICIENT OF PHASE TRANSITION MATERIALS USING THE T-HISTORY METHOD
It is known that the demand for energy in the world is increasing, traditional fuel resources are not evenly distributed on the globe, and the negative impact of carbon dioxide gases on the environment is high when using them. Today, determining the relative heat capacity of substances that increase the possibilities of using solar energy and accumulate the obtained energy, as well as the use of phase change materials for solar devices is an effective way to prevent energy shortages. In this article, the specific heat capacity and heat transfer coefficient of paraffin, which is one of the phase change materials, in liquid and solid state, is determined by the results obtained during experiments in laboratory conditions, as well as theoretical calculations. In this article, as a result of experimental research conducted by the authors in laboratory conditions, the thermal properties of phase change material (PCM) were determined using the Thistory method. In this case, methods of experimental research of heat capacities of substances, determination and calculation of heat-technical parameters were used.
JUSTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING THERMOMETRIC STUDIES OF GAS WELLS
Increasing hydrocarbon productivity through the rational use of gas and gas condensate fields is becoming urgent. By conducting a thermometric study on gas wells based on the obtained data on temperature distribution, it will be possible to solve such problems as identifying gas recovery intervals from formations, assessing gas recovery from individual formations, determining the conditions for the release of heavy hydrocarbons, and determining the location of a gas flow leak due to a defective pipe connection. Preparation for thermometric studies and their implementation are similar to the biometric method in many ways. Therefore, when applying the thermometry method, it is important to accurately know the technological parameters of wells. At gas wells, this study is carried out using a TEG-36 thermometer. Interpreting the results in shut-in and operating gas wells, it is possible to determine the temperature distribution along the well wall, the stabilization process in various modes, gas recovery intervals and the productivity of individual formations. A deep thermometer device should be lowered directly into gas wells to justify the technology for conducting thermometric research. By processing the results obtained, it will be possible to find a practical solution to problems in the well.
RANKING PALEOTECTONIC ANALYSIS OF AGE AND SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP OF LOCAL STRUCTURES FORMED AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF MESOZOICCENOZOIC HISTORY IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE BUKHARO-KHIVA REGION
The article describes the results of the application of rank paleotectodynamic analysis methods for the first time to study conditions of formation and age ratio of tectonic structures of different intervals of Mesozoic-Cenozoic geological history within the central part of BukharaKhiva region. Based on the decomposition of the initial materials of the paleotectonic maps of A.Kh. Nugmanov and others (data on the thickness of deposits), paleotectonic maps of different ranks were obtained for the active and passive phases of the tectodynamic systems: the Early Middle Jurassic, Late Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene-Quaternary. It has been shown that oil and gas deposits are mainly confined to local structures of the third rank. Different areas have been identified according to the nature of overlay of different-age deformations, and analysis of the confinement of hydrocarbon deposits to them has been carried out.